What is the difference between a switch and a router?
A switch connects devices within a local area network (LAN), while a router connects different networks together.
What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device on a network, used for communication between devices.
What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, supporting approximately 4.3 billion addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing a much larger address space.
What is a subnet mask?
A subnet mask divides the IP address into network and host portions to determine the subnet.
What is the purpose of DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
What is a MAC address?
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique hardware identifier assigned to network interfaces for communication within a network segment.
What are the layers of the OSI model?
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
What is a port in networking?
A port is a communication endpoint used by protocols to differentiate traffic types on a single IP address.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is connection-oriented and reliable, while UDP is connectionless and faster but less reliable.
What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) maps IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network.
What is a default gateway?
The default gateway is a device that routes traffic from a local network to external networks.
What is a VLAN?
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) logically segments a network into separate broadcast domains.
What is NAT?
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.
What is a firewall?
A firewall filters incoming and outgoing traffic to protect a network from unauthorized access.
What is the difference between a public and private IP address?
Public IP addresses are used on the internet, while private IP addresses are used within local networks.
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
What is the purpose of a proxy server?
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a client and the internet to enhance security and caching.
What is ping and how is it used?
Ping tests connectivity between devices by sending ICMP echo requests and measuring response time.
What is the difference between bandwidth and latency?
Bandwidth is the data transfer capacity, while latency is the delay in communication between devices.
What is the order of bandwidth measurement from smallest to largest?
Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps
What is the difference between unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic?
Unicast is one-to-one communication, multicast is one-to-many, and broadcast sends to all devices on a network.
What is the purpose of a load balancer?
A load balancer distributes network or application traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and performance.
What is the function of ICMP?
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used for error messages and operational queries, like ping.
What is a socket in networking?
A socket is an endpoint for sending or receiving data on a network.
What is the difference between stateful and stateless firewalls?
Stateful firewalls track active connections, while stateless firewalls filter packets based solely on predefined rules.
What is meant by "network topology"?
Network topology describes the arrangement of network devices and connections.
What is a honeypot?
A honeypot is a decoy system used to attract and analyze malicious activities.
What is the MTU in networking?
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is the largest size of a packet that can be transmitted.
What is a loopback address?
The loopback address (127.0.0.1) is used to test network software on the local machine.
What is a three-way handshake in TCP?
It is the process used to establish a TCP connection involving SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets.
What are common network scanning tools?
Examples include Nmap, Wireshark, and Nessus.
What is a DHCP lease?
A DHCP lease defines the amount of time a device is assigned an IP address.
What is a reverse proxy?
A reverse proxy forwards requests from clients to servers, providing load balancing, security, and caching.
What is SNMP used for?
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for network device monitoring and management.
What is port forwarding?
Port forwarding redirects network traffic from one port or IP to another to enable access to internal services.